Bibliografia

1. Addiscott, T.M., Benjamin, N., 2000. Are you taking your nitrate?. Food Science and Technology Today 14(2): 59-61.

2. Alaburda, J. E ishihara, L., 1998. Presença de compostos de nitrogênio em águas de poços. Rev. Saúde Pública, vol.32, no.2, p.160-165. ISSN 0034-8910.

3. Aranda, M., Triviño, I., Osorio, A., Bastias, J.M., Roos, O., 1992. Mutagenicity of N-nitroso compounds in Chilean ham and sausages. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 27: 385-390

4.  Aworh, O.C., Brecht, P.E., Minotti, P.L., 1978. Nitrate and nitrite in fresh spinach as influenced by postharvesth temperatures. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103(3): 417-419.

5. Bosch, M.N.B., Mata, M.G., Rodriguez, M.L.P., 1990. Contenido de nitratos y nitritos en alimentos deshidratados reconstituidos. Gasas y Aceites 41(4-5): 336-341.

6. Bosch, N.B., Mata, M.G., Peñuela, M.J., Galán, T.R., Ruiz, B.L., 1995. Determination of nitrite levels in refrigerated and frozen spinach by ion chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 706:221-228.

7. Consalter, A., Rigato, A, Clamor, L., Giandon, P., 1992. Determination of nitrate in vegetables using an ion-selective electrode. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 5: 252-256.

8. Derache, R, Derache, P., 1997. The nitrate ion and nitric oxide (NO) in nutrition and toxicology. Cahiers de Nutrition et de Dietetique 32(5):283-293.

9. Diário da República, DL 236/98 de 1 de Agosto.

10. Diário da República, DL 243/05 de 5 de Setembro.

11. Dich, J., Järvinen, R., Knekt, P., Pentilä, P., L., 1996. Dietary intakes of nitrate, nitrite an NDMA in the finnish mobile clinic health examination survey. Food Addit. Contam. 13(5):541-552.

12. Duncan, C., Hong, H., Dykluizen, R., Frazer, R., Johnson, P., MacKinight, G., Smith, L., Lamza, K., McKenzie, H., Batt, Kelly, D., Golden, M., Benjamin, N., Leifert, C., 1997. Protection against oral and gastrointestinal diseases: Importance of dietary nitrate intake, oral nitrate reduction and enterosalivary nitrate circulation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 118A(4)939-948.

13. Eaton, A.D., Greenberg, A.E., Clesreci,L.,  1995. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) e Water Environmental Federation (WEF), Washington, DC, USA, 20th Edn.

14. Eichholzer, M., Gutzwiller, F., 1998. Dietary nitrates, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds and cancer risk: A review of the epidemiologic evidence. Nutrition Reviews 56(4):95-105.

15. Elia, A., Santamaria, P., Serio, F., 1998. Nitrogen nutrition, yield and quality of spinach. J. Sci. Food Agric. 76: 341-346.

16. European Commission, Council Directive 98/83/EC, Off. J. EC, L330 (1998) 32.

17. Fadiran, O., Mamba, S. M.,2005. Analysis of nitrates and nitrites in some water and factory effluent samples from some cities in Swaziland. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia. 19(1).

18. Filer, L.J., Lowe, C.U., Barness, L.A., Goldbloom, R.B., Heald, F.P., Holliday, M.A., Miller, R.W., O´Brien, D., Owen, G.M., Pearson, H.A., Scriver, C.R., Weil, W.B., Kine, O.L., Cravioto, J., Whitten, C., 1970. Infant methemoglobinemia: The role of dietary nitrate. Pediatrics 46(3):475-478.

19. Fytianos, K., Zarogiannis, P., 1999. Nitrate and nitrite accumulation in fresh vegetables from Greece. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 62:187-192.

20. Forman, D., Al-Dabbagh, S., Doll, R., 1985. Nitrates, nitrites and gastric cancer in Great Britain. Nature 313(21): 620-625.

21. Gundimeda, U., Naidu, A.N., Krishnaswamy, K., 1993. Dietary intake of nitrate in India. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 6: 242-249.

22. Hartman, P.E., 1983. Review: Putative mutagens and carcinogens in foods. I. Nitrate/nitrite ingestion and gastric cancer mortality. Environmental Mutagenesis 5: 111-121.

23. Hill, M. J. Nitrates and nitrites in food and water. 1ª edition. England: Ellis Horwood Limited, 1991.

24. Hunt, J., Turner, M.K., 1994. A survey of nitrite concentrations in retail fresh vegetables. Food Addit. Contam. 11(3): 327-332.

25. Isaacson, C., 2005. The change of the staple diet of black South Africans from sorghum to maize (corn) is the cause of the epidemic of squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus.Med. Hypotheses 64(3):658-60

26. ISO/DIS 6635. Fruits, légumes et produits dérivés–Détermintion de la teneur en nitrites et en nitrates (méthode photométrique). PNI.

27. JOCE L 108. Regulamento nº 864/99.

28. JOCE L 31. Regulamento nº 194/97.

29. JOCE L 37. Regulamento nº 315/93.

30. Joossens, J.V., Hill, M.J., Elliot, P., Stamler, R., Stamler, J., Lesaffre, E., Dyer, A., Nichols, R., Kesteloot, H, 1996. Dietary salt, nitrate and stomach cancer mortality in 24 countries. International Journal of Epidemiology 25(3)494-504.

31. Kiese, M., Weger, N., 1969. Formation of ferrihaemoglobin with aminophenol in the human of treatment of cyanide poisoning. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 7: 97-105.

32. Knight, G.M., Duncan, C.W., Leifert, C., Golden, M.H., 1999. Dietary nitrate in man: friend or foe?. British Journal of Nutrition 81: 349-358.

33. Kono, S., Hirohata, T., 1996. Nutrition and stomach cancer. Cancer Causes and Control 7: 41-55.

34. Leach, S.A, Hill, M.J. The effects of the sustained and profound inhibition of gastric production on gut flora. In: Profound gastric acid supression: A long-term safety risk? - Research and Clinical Forunss. Editor: J. B. Elder, 1990, pp 139-151.

35. Leaf, C.D., Vecchio, A.J., Rose, D.A., Hotchkiss, J.H., 1987. Influence of ascorbic acid dose on N-nitrosoproline formation in humans. Carcinogenesis 8(6): 791-795.

36. Mendes, B. e Oliveira, J. F. S., Qualidade da água para consumo humano, Lidel, Edições Técnicas, Lda, Novembro 2004.

37. Mendicoa, J.C.H., Astiasarán, I., Bello, J., 1997. Nitrate and nitrite levels in fresh and frozen broccoli. Effect of freezing and cooking. Food Chemistry 58(1-2): 39-42.

38. Moller, M.E., Dahl, R., Bockman, O.C., 1988. A possible role of the dietary fibre product, wheat bran, as a nitrite scavenger. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 26 (10): 841-845.

39. Olmedo, R.G., Bosch, N.B., 1988. Ingestión de nitratos procedentes de productos hortícolas y su incidencia toxicológica. Alimentaria Abril:76-78.

40. Perez, M.L., Mingo, S., Bosch, N., Peñuela, M.J., Garcia, M., 1998. Las verduras congeladas como fuente atenuada de nitratos y nitritos. Alimentacion, Equipos y Tecnologia Enero/febrero: 159-162.

41. Petersen, A., Stoltze S., 1999. Nitrate and nitrite in vegetables on the Danish market: content and intake. Food Addit. Contam. 16(7): 291-299.

42. Phillips, W.E.J. 1971. Naturally occurring nitrate and nitrite in foods in relation to infant methaemoglbinaemia. Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol. 9(2): 219-228.

43. Phillips, W:E.J., 1968. Changes in the nitrate and nitrite contents of fresh and processed spinach during storage. J. Agr. Food Chem. 16(1): 88-91.

44. Rath, S., Ximenes, M.I.N., Reyes, F.G.R., 1994. Teor de nitrato e nitrito em vegetais cultivados no distrito federal: um estudo preliminar. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz. 54 (2): 126-130.

45. Rovira, R.F., Cánoves, A.F., 1987. Nitratos: Aspectos bromatológicos, toxicológicos y analíticos. Alimentaria Enero-Febrero:16-21.

46. Ruiz, E., Santillana, M.I., Nieto, M.T., Castellano, M.S.G., 1993. Determinacion de nitratos y nitritos en alimentos infantiles. Alimentaria 93: 95-97.

47. Stalikas, C. D., Konidari, C. N., Nanos, C. G., 2003. Ion chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate by post-column indirect fluorescence detection.  J Chromatogr A. 20;1002(1-2):237-41.

48. Tiedink, H. G. M., Davies, J. A R., Broekhoven, L.W., 1988. Formation of mutagenic N-nitroso compounds in vegetable extracts upon nitrite treatment: A comparison with the glucosinolate content. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 26(11-12): 947-954.

49. Tsuchiya, K., Kanematsu, Y., Yoshizumi, M., Ohnishi, H., Kirima, K., Izawa, Y., Shikishima, M., Ishida, T., Kondo, S., Kagami, S., Takiguchi, Y., Tamaki, T., 2005. Nitrite is an alternative source of NO in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 288(5):H2163-70.

50. Vaessen, H., Schothorst, R., 1999. The oral nitrate and nitrite intake in the Netherlands: evalution of the results obtained by HPIC analysis of duplicate 24-hour diet samples collected in 1994. Food Addit. Contam. 16 (5): 181-188.

51. Ward, F.W., Coates, M.E., 1989. Influence of dietary protein and gut microflora on endogenous synthesis of nitrate and N-nitrosamines in the rat. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 27(7): 445-449.

52. Wawrzyniak, A., Gronowska, S.A., Gorecka, K., 1999. The evaluation of nitrates and nitrites food intake among Polish households in 1991-1995. Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig. 50 (3): 269-287.

53. Wawrzyniak, A., Kieres, R., Gronowska, S.A., 1997. In vitro efect of ascorbic acid on sodium nitrite intoxication. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny 48(3): 245-252.

54. Wootton, M., Kok, S.H., Buckle, K.A., 1985. Determination of nitrite and nitrate levels in meat and vegetable products by high performance liquid chromatography. J. Sci. Food Agric. 36: 297-304.

55. Yu, B. S., Chen, P., Nie, L. H., Yao, S. Z., 2001. Simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite in saliva and foodstuffs by non-suppressed ion chromatography with bulk acoustic wave detector. Anal Sci. 17(4):495-8.